How French works

Demonstrative pronouns

1 Definitions

Demonstratives pronouns are pronouns used to point out a particular thing or things:

Voici deux voitures de sport: celle-ci est italienne et celle- est allemande

Here are two sports cars: this one is Italian and that one is German

2 Forms

2.1 Basic forms

Table 45.2.1a: Demonstrative pronouns
sing pl 
masc celui ceux
fem celle celles

Other demonstrative pronouns are: ceci, cela, ce and il.

2.2 Use of celui and derivatives

These are used before describing structures beginning with:

  •  a relative pronoun :

Quel étudiant? Celui qui arrive toujours en retard

Which student? The one who always arrives late

  •   the preposition de:

Ce n'est pas mon livre, c'est celui de Pierre

It's not my book, it's Peter's

2.3 Celui-ci / celui-là and derivatives

The words -ci and - are added to celui, celle, ceux and celles where there is no describing structure. They are often used to express a distinction:

Il y a plusieurs modèles disponibles, mais celui-ci est le plus populaire

There are several models available, but this one is the most popular

Voici deux livres. Celui-ci est bon marché, celui-là est plus cher

Here are two books. This one is cheap, that one is more expensive

Celui-ci, celle-ci etc. can also mean the latter, and celui-là, celle-là etc. the former.

Le professeur a regardé le garçon fixement; celui-ci est resté figé sur place

The teacher stared at the boy; the latter stood frozen to the spot

2.4 Tous ceux / toutes celles

Tous ceux / toutes celles refer to specific people and things, and have the sense of everyone, all those etc.:

Toutes celles qui sont intéressées sont bienvenues à la soirée

All those who are interested are welcome to attend the evening

Tout ce refers to things, ideas etc., and has the sense of everything or all:

Tout ce qui se trouvait dans la maison a été confisqué 

Everything that was found in the house was confiscated

2.5 Cela / ça

Cela or ça is used when referring to a statement or idea rather than to a specific noun , or to something, either an object or an idea, which has not yet been mentioned:

Cela est le plus grand danger

That's the biggest danger

Ça n'a pas de sens d'arriver deux jours à l'avance

It doesn't make sense to arrive two days early

Note

Cela is replaced by ça in spoken or less formal written French.

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How French Works was written and coded by Chris Dawson.