How French works

Infinitives

1 Definition

The infinitive is the basic form of a verb such as to give in English or donner in French from which other forms are derived.

The infinitive never changes its ending (as do conjugated forms such as donne, donnerez, donnons etc.) and does not take a subject (you cannot say *je donner, la femme donner, etc.).

2 Tense

The infinitive can be used to express actions in either the present or the past. The present infinitive of a verb refers to any individual verb used in its basic infinitive form:

Je voudrais venir à la soirée

I'd like to come to the party

The past infinitive is made up of the infinitive of the auxiliary verb avoir or être plus a past participle :

Il regrette d'avoir perdu le document

He regrets having lost the document

As the past infinitive in English always takes have as an auxiliary, be careful when forming the past infinitive of être verbs or pronominal verbs :

Elle est heureuse d'être venue à la soirée

She is happy to have come this evening

3 Uses

The infinitive is most commonly used:

3.1 With modals etc.

In a construction involving a modal verb or other preceding verb:

Je dois être au bureau à neuf heures

I must be at the office at nine o'clock

J'ai oublié de fermer les rideaux

I forgot to close the curtains

3.2 After adjective constructions

After a construction involving an adjective :

Je serais très heureuse d'aider votre mère

I'd be very happy to help your mother

Elle n'est pas prête à y aller

She's not prepared to go there

3.3 After prepositions

After any preposition other than en:

Il a dit cela pour plaisanter

He said that as a joke

3.4 As subject of a sentence

As the subject of a sentence. Note that the infinitive is generally used on its own and not introduced by de:

Fumer nuit gravement à la santé

Smoking seriously damages your health

Augmenter les taux d'intérêt n'est jamais une démarche populaire

Putting up interest rates is never a popular step

3.5 In documents, notices etc.

In documents, notices etc. giving orders or instructions, as an alternative to the imperative :

Pour plus de renseignements, voir page 28

For more information, see page 28

Ne pas marcher sur la pelouse

Do not walk on the grass

3.6 In the past infinitive

The past infinitive is most commonly used in a construction involving après:

Après avoir vérifié que toutes les fenêtres étaient fermées, il est rentré chez lui

After checking that all the windows were shut, he went home

Après être arrivés au restaurant, nous avons commandé quelque chose à boire

On arriving at the restaurant, we ordered something to drink

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How French Works was written and coded by Chris Dawson.